Urban Water Sheds and Brownfields:
Case Study: Nine Mile Run Watershed
Authors: Reiko Goto, Valerie Lucas, Maria Pandazidou

Why an Urban Watershed?
The majority of people live in an urban setting. Traditional city planning minimizes nature and celebrates the structure and infrastructure of culture. There is an emerging consciousness about the relationship between quality of life and the environment. This text will provide students with the method, technique and knowledge to enter into an inquiry on the subjects of urban water and nature. From this inquiry, they will develop critical thinking skills necessary for citizenship and the potential for a life-long interest in natural resources and the issues of urban pollutants. Our goal is to help them understand and develop their own ideas about nature and culture and the range of concepts which inform sustainable development.

• Understanding a watershed entails knowing the topography and geology of the landscape. Topography tells us how water moves across the surface of the earth and the geology can tell us how water moves through soils.
• Understanding your watershed is knowing your place in the cycle of water, and understanding natural systems and constructed cultural systems which move water.
• Understanding your watershed is knowing there are watersheds in every place on the planet and in turn your watershed and daily actions are connected to the planet by the movement of weather and water.

Why an Urban Brownfield?
Go to any city in the modern world, and try to reach the river or the bay. More likely than not you will find your way blocked by fences protecting the ruins of industrial culture. The abandoned properties are considered wasteland, existing in a social and economic limbo, as their value and location is debated. By all accounts, they seem to be stagnant for ten or twenty years or more. How stagnant are they? From the waterside, we
will find an emerging growth of amazing plants. Often kingfisher, hawks, and herons have begun to indicate a functioning food chain of smaller herbivores, amphibians, and fish which are returning to the waters once used as the sink for industrial waste. Brownfields are important spaces in cities all over the world: the Ruhr valley of Germany, the coal and steel regions of England, the rustbelt of America. These places are awakening and have increasingly become the site of redevelopment interests. With an
awareness of their natural and recreational value, they can also become the site of a new civic discourse about the form and function of the rivers and open spaces in cities. When exploring an urban industrial culture, we have to understand the challenges as well as the opportunities if we are to be participants in the weaving of the post-industrial future.

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Title Page (103k)
Table of Contents (105k)
Introduction (254k)

Module 1: Watershed
Introducing a watershed. Students experience and learn about how a watershed boundary is created.

1.1 Handland (550k)
1.2 What is in the watershed?(250k)
1.3 Handland Painting (330k)
Appendix 1A: The Water Cycle (60k)
Appendix 1B: Topographic Map (205k)
Glossary 1 (100k)

Module 2: Water Cycle and Watershed Interaction
In a watershed, precipitation causes a change on and in the land over a long period of time. Human impact also plays a role in the change.

2.1 The Sand-Land Model (450k)
2.2 Eek! an underground leak! (260k)
Appendix 2A: Storm-water Sources and Solutions (284k)
Glossary (70k)

Module 3: Stream Environment
This module guides students to an actual stream environment. They uses a field book to record their observation and discussion about benthic organisms, water testing, stream health, and human impact.

3.1 Not a Field Trip, a stream Trip (211k)
3.2 Flip Rocks! / Benthic Organisms (251k)
3.3 Water Chemistry (211k)
Appendix 3A: Field Book (534k)
Appendix 3B: Scientific Classification of Organisms (178k)
Appendix 3C: Benthic Macroinvertebrates (94k)
Appendix 3D: Basic Water Analysis (117k)
Glossary (76k)

Module 4: Brownfields to Greenfields
Students compare natural processes to manmade processes of rock formation. They are introduced to brownfields and how to vegetate a brownfield. Students learn about plant succession and its relationship to the soil.

4.1 Who made this rock? (640k)
4.2 Restoring Land (430k)
Appendix 4A: Natural Process and Industrial Process (909k)
Appendix 4B: The History of Nine Mile Run (947k)
Appendix 4C: Slag and Soil Remediation (185k)
Appendix 4D: Succession (2.6mb)
Glossary (80k)

Module 5: Artifacts of a Watershed
An artistic assessment by students after they have had much experience with watersheds. The artwork could be created individually or collaboratively.

Intro: (157k)
5.1: Colors in Nature (233k)
5.2 Memories of a Watershed (223k)
5.3 A Model of a Watershed (224k)
Appendix 5A : Collage, Assemblage and Mixed media (321k)
Appendix 5B: Ecosystem Restoration, Restoration Art, Discursive Democracy (196k)
Glossary (90k)